The dative case

The dative case it is mainly used for the indirect object, i.e., a person or thing to whom or to which something is done:

Der Lehrer gibt der Frau ein Buch.                      The teacher gives the woman a book.

In the dative case, the modifier (for example, the definite article, e.g. der, or the indefinite article, e.g. ein), changes. This applies to all genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. In the plural, you also need to add -en or -n.

Endings in the dative case

Here is an overview of the dative forms for most common modifiers:

modifier  masculine feminine neuter plural
der Mann die Frau das Kind die Gäste
definite article dem Mann der Frau dem Kind  den Gästen
indefinite article einem Mann einer Frau einem Kind Gästen
negative article keinem Mann  keiner Frau keinem Kind  keinen Gästen
possessive  meinem Mann  deiner Frau seinem Kind   unseren Gästen

Note that
• the masculine and the neuter endings are the same: add -em
• for the feminine endings add -er
• for the plural add -en to the modifier and add -en or -n to the noun.

Verbs which require the dative case

You use the dative after a few verbs. The most important are:

helfen ‘to help’, danken ‘to thank’, gehören ‘to belong to’, folgen ‘to follow’

Here are some of them in use:

der Mann Ich folge dem Mann. I follow the man.
die Mutter Das Baby gleicht der Mutter. The baby resembles the
mother.
das Kind Ich danke dem Kind. I’m thanking the child.
die Gäste Ich helfe den Gästen. I help the guests.

The dative after prepositions

You have the dative also after some prepositions. They are:

aus  from, out of
außer  apart from
bei  at, near
gegenüber opposite
mit  with, by (for means of transport)
nach  after, to
seit  since, for
von  from
zu  to

Here are some of them in use:

Er kommt aus der Türkei.

He’s from Turkey.

Außer den Meiers sind alle da.

Except for the Meiers, everybody is here.

Ich arbeite bei der Firma Meier.

I work for (the company) Meier.

Er wohnt gegenüber der Kirche.

He lives opposite the church.

Ich fahre mit dem Auto.

I’ll go by car.

Nach der Arbeit gehe ich einkaufen.

After work, I’ll go shopping.

Wir fahren zu meiner Freundin.

We’ll go to my girlfriend’s.

More than one dative in a sentence

Because the dative in German can be governed by the verb or by a preposition, it is not uncommon for it to appear more than once in a sentence or clause.

Look at the following examples:

Ich helfe dem Jungen mit seinem Mantel.
I help the boy with his coat.

Sie folgen dem Mann und dann der Frau mit ihren Freunden.
They follow the man and then the woman and her friends.

We hope to see in our next lessons and we hope you enjoyed our lesson today about The dative case