Present Perfect Tense in German

German Perfect Tense with a List of 100+ Common Past Participles

German Perfect Tense. As a beginner German student, you all must have dreamed of traveling to Germany. Apart from present tense, German perfect tense is something you will have to master, if you want to have a good conversation with a native speaker. Knowing how to use the present perfect tense will surely make you a better speaker.

German Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense is used in spoken language instead of simple past tense. It is used to talk about an event that happened in the past. We do tend to talk about our past many times. Now you know, why it is so important to learn the German perfect tense!

The German perfect tense is built with the help of haben / sein in the present tense and past participle (Partizip II) of another verb. The helping verb (Haben / Sein) is conjugated according to the subject of the sentence and takes the second position. The past participle of the other verb is placed at the end of the sentence.

Usually, German perfect tense is formed with “haben“. Most of the verbs that take a direct object use haben. Verbs that do not indicate change of state or location also use haben.

When to use “Sein”

Verbs that express movement and change of state use sein. What exactly does this mean? Movement means when the subject physically changes the locations. For example, gehen, fahren, rennen, fliegen, kommen, reisen, laufen etc.

Change of state means when the subject’s condition changes from ‘State A’ to ‘State B’. This change of condition does not involve change of place. For example, einschlafen, aufwachen, wachsen, sterben, verwelken, werden etc.

Go through our lesson on verbs if you don’t remember how to conjugate haben and sein in present tense.

Bleiben (to stay) and Sein (to be) also use sein, even though they do not express movement or change of state.

 Past Participles Construction

When it comes to learning a new grammar concept in German language, there are always a few exceptions. And German perfect tense is no different! The construction of past participles varies based on the types of verbs.

Weak Verbs

The past participles of weak (regular) verbs are formed by adding ‘ge‘ at the beginning and ‘t’ at the end of the verb stem. Let’s consider the verb lernen (to learn). Its past participle will be:

ge + lern + t = gelernt

If the verb stem ends in d / t / m, the past participle is formed by adding ‘ge‘ at the beginning and an et at the end. Let’s consider the verb warten (to wait). Its past participle will be:

ge + wart + et = gewartet

Past participles of the verbs ending in ‘ieren’ are formed without ‘ge’. However, we do add ‘t’ at the end of the verb stem. Let’s consider the verb studieren (to study). Its past participle will be:

studier + t = studiert

List of some weak verbs for you to memorize:-

English Verb German Verb Partizip II
to work arbeiten gearbeitet
to breathe atmen geatmet
to form bilden gebildet
to need brauchen gebraucht
to follow folgen gefolgt
to ask fragen gefragt
to feel fühlen gefühlt
to believe glauben geglaubt
to interest interessieren interessiert
to buy kaufen gekauft
to cook kochen gekocht
to live leben gelebt
to lay legen gelegt
to make / do machen gemacht
to note down notieren notiert
to pack packen gepackt
to talk reden geredet
to say sagen gesagt
to play spielen gespielt
to put / place stellen gestellt
to search suchen gesucht
to dance tanzen getanzt
to call telefonieren telefoniert
to reside / live wohnen gewohnt
to show zeigen gezeigt
to be supposed to sollen gesollt
to want wollen gewollt

Strong Verbs

The past participles of strong (irregular) verbs are a bit complex. The ‘-en’ of the infinitive form remains as it is. There is no ‘-t’ at the end of the verb stem. We do add ‘-ge’ at the beginning. But, here’s the complex part. The verb stem changes most of the times.

For example, the past participle of gehen (to go) is gegangen.

Sometimes, the vowels in the verb stem get rearranged. For example, the past participle of bleiben (to stay) is geblieben. Here, ‘ei’ changes to ‘ie’.

List of some strong verbs for you to memorize:-

English Verb German Verb Partizip II
to offer bieten geboten
to bite beißen gebissen
to bind binden gebunden
to request bitten gebeten
to roast / fry braten gebraten
to break brechen gebrochen
to eat essen gegessen
to drive fahren gefahren
to fall fallen gefallen
to catch fangen gefangen
to find finden gefunden
to fly fliegen geflogen
to give geben gegeben
to pour gießen gegossen
to grasp / grab greifen gegriffen
to stop halten gehalten
to lift heben gehoben
to help helfen geholfen
to sound klingen geklungen
to come kommen gekommen
to run laufen gelaufen
to read lesen gelesen
to lend leihen geliehen
to lie liegen gelegen
to take nehmen genommen
to ride reiten geritten
to smell riechen gerochen
to close schließen geschlossen
to cut schneiden geschnitten
to write schreiben [responsivevoice voice="Deutsch Female" rate="0.8" buttontext="►"]geschrieben
to swim schwimmen geschwommen
to see sehen [responsivevoice voice="Deutsch Female" rate="0.8" buttontext="►"]gesehen
to be sein gewesen
to sing singen gesungen
to sink sinken gesunken
to sit sitzen gesessen
to speak sprechen gesprochen
to jump springen gesprungen
to stand stehen gestanden
to climb steigen gestiegen
to die sterben gestorben
to argue streiten gestritten
to wear tragen getragen
to meet treffen getroffen
to drink trinken getrunken
to wash waschen gewaschen
to become werden geworden
to throw werfen geworfen
to pull ziehen gezogen
to force zwingen [responsivevoice voice="Deutsch Female" rate="0.8" buttontext="►"]gezwungen

Mixed Verbs

The past participles of mixed verbs are a combination of weak and strong verbs. A ‘-t’ is added at the end of the verb stem just like weak verbs. And like strong verbs, the verb stem changes.

For example, the past participle of wissen (to know) is gewusst.

List of some mixed verbs for you to memorize:-

English Verb German Verb Partizip II
to burn brennen [responsivevoice voice="Deutsch Female" rate="0.8" buttontext="►"]gebrannt
to bring bringen gebracht
to think denken gedacht
to know kennen gekannt
to name / mention nennen genannt
to run rennen gerannt
to send senden gesandt
to turn wenden gewandt
to be allowed to dürfen gedurft
to be able to können gekonnt
to like mögen gemocht
to have to müssen gemusst

There are two Partizip II forms of senden and wendenSenden – gesandt / gesendet. Wenden – gewandt / gewendet

Separable Verbs

As the name suggests, the prefixes of these verbs are separable. The past participle of separable verbs is formed by adding ‘-ge’ after the prefix. The rules of weak, strong and mixed verbs apply to these verbs as well. Let’s consider the verb zumachen (to close / shut).

zu + ge + mach + t = zugemacht (We add ‘-ge‘ between the prefix and verb stem.)

List of some separable verbs for you to memorize:-

English Verb German Verb Partizip II
to offer anbieten angeboten
to arrive ankommen angekommen
to begin anfangen angefangen
to call anrufen angerufen
to adapt anpassen angepasst
to look aussehen ausgesehen
to go out ausgehen ausgegangen
to pronounce aussprechen ausgesprochen
to try out ausprobieren ausprobiert
to get up aufstehen aufgestanden
to stop / end aufhören aufgehört
to wake up aufwachen aufgewacht
to open aufmachen aufgemacht
to burn down abbrennen abgebrannt
to depart abfahren abgefahren
to pick up abholen abgeholt
to cancel absagen abgesagt
to contribute beitragen beigetragen
to shop einkaufen [responsivevoice voice="Deutsch Female" rate="0.8" buttontext="►"]eingekauft
to invite einladen [responsivevoice voice="Deutsch Female" rate="0.8" buttontext="►"]eingeladen
to tumble hinfallen hingefallen
to bring along mitbringen mitgebracht
to take along mitnehmen mitgenommen
to ponder nachdenken nachgedacht
to prepare vorbereiten vorbereitet
to suggest vorschlagen vorgeschlagen
to introduce vorstellen vorgestellt
to cover / tuck zudecken zugedeckt
to agree zustimmen zugestimmt

Inseparable Verbs

As the name suggests, the prefixes of these verbs are inseparable. The past participle of inseparable verbs is formed without ‘-ge’. The rules of weak, strong and mixed verbs apply to these verbs too. Let’s consider the verb besuchen (to visit).

besuch + t = besucht (We do not add ‘-ge‘ here.)

List of some inseparable verbs for you to memorize:-

English Verb German Verb Partizip II
to receive bekommen bekommen
to answer / reply beantworten beantwortet
to start beginnen begonnen
to use benutzen benutzt
to pay bezahlen bezahlt
to recommend empfehlen empfohlen
to feel empfinden empfunden
to dismiss / fire entlassen entlassen
to relax entspannen entspannt
to decide entscheiden entschieden
to invent erfinden erfunden
to recognize / identify erkennen erkannt
to allow / permit erlauben erlaubt
to experience erleben erlebt
to expect erwarten erwartet
to belong to gehören gehört
to appeal to / like gefallen gefallen
to win gewinnen gewonnen
to disobey missachten [responsivevoice voice="Deutsch Female" rate="0.8" buttontext="►"]missachtet
to suspect misstrauen [responsivevoice voice="Deutsch Female" rate="0.8" buttontext="►"]misstraut
to connect verbinden verbunden
to forget vergessen vergessen
to compare vergleichen verglichen
to sell verkaufen verkauft
to lose verlieren verloren
to understand verstehen verstanden
to shatter / snap zerbrechen zerbrochen
to destroy zerstören zerstört

Here are a few German perfect tense example sentences:-

  • Ich habe den deutschen Satz verstanden. (I understood the German sentence.)
  • Gestern ist er nach London geflogen. (Yesterday he flew to London.)
  • Wir haben am Morgen unsere Hausaufgaben gemacht. (We did our homework in the morning.)

Thank you for keep reading. learn more about German grammar here.